Short Questions====
Qno. What is biochemistry? What is the importance of biochemistry?
Ans. Introduction of Biochemistry
Bio chemistry is the branch of biology , which deals with the study of chemical process in the body of living organisms
Importance of Biochemistry
i . It helps to get information about all chemical process which take place in the body of living organisms, such as formation of body structures , protein synthesis, various metabolic.
ii . It also explains abnormal reactions, responsible for diseases.
iii . It also provides information about cell differentiation. After fertilization the zygote passes through certain changes, due to which Different organs of the body are formed,such as brain, muscles, lungs, kidneys, alimentary canal and other organs
IV . It also explains about growth of cells.
v . It provides knowledge about organs, tissues,cells,their molecules and chemicaly bonded atoms.
Qno. What is Starche?
Ans. STARCH: it is composed of many glucose molecules which are are linked together in straight or branched manner.
The starch is present in the leaves,roots,and seeds in granular form for example ple, wheat,ptato,rice etc. It is insoluble in water,but when boiled it becomes soluble. By hydrolysis it is broken into simple sugars and takes part in the production of energy by oxidized.
Qno. What is glycogen?
Ans. Glycogen: it is the animal starch. When many glucose molecules are linked together in chain like manner, glycogen in Formed. It occurs in the muscles and liver of animals. It is also found in bacteria and fungi.
The glycogen is prepared by the liver which converts the glucose into glycogen. This glycogen in stores in the liver and muscles. When there is short age of glucose in the body. Then glycogen is gain converted into glucose to provide energy. In this way the amount of glucose remains in balance in the blood of the body. The glycogen in insoluble in water.
Qno. What is cellulose?
Ans. Cellulose: it is composed of many molecule of glucose about 2000 to 3000. It is only formed in the body of plants and occurs in the cell wall in the body of animals the cellulose can not be digested by enzymes. In their digestion some special bacteria take part which are present in the caecum of alimentary canal. These Baxter digest the cellulose by the action of certain enzymes.
Qno. What are Nucleic acids?
Ans. Nucleic acid: These are the organic substances, contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. There are two types of nucleic Acids.
I) Deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) : it is present in the nucleus. It transfer the hereditary characters to the new cells. It has sugar molecule, called deoxyribose
II) Ribo Nucleic Acid (RNA):it is formed in the nucleus and migrate into the cytoplasm.it contains ribose sugar,it takes part in protein synthesis.
The DNA and RNA are composedof small units. Called nucleotides. These nucleotides are composed of three parts.
I) A pentose sugar i.e. consisting of 5-carbon atoms.
II) A phosphate group.
III) Nitrogen bases.
Pentose sugar is of two types:
1) Ribose sugar: it is present in RNA
2) Deoxyribose sugar: it is found in DNA
The nitrogen bases are of following types.
a) Adenine
b) Guanine
These are purine type of compounds.
c) Cytosine d) Thymine
These are plyrimidine type of Compounds.
e) Uracil:- it is the nitrogen base which is present in RNA . It replaces the thymine
Qno. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
Ans.
1) DNA is composed of two filaments which form a double-helix structure. i.e. they are linked together like spring. The RNA consists of separate filaments.
They do not form double helix.
2) in DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has Ribose sugar.
3) in DNA a nitrogen base thymine is present, while in RNA the tymine is replaced by uracil.
4) DNA acts as a genetic material, helps to transfer the hereditary, characters while the RNA takes part in protein synthesis.
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